What is Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. According to International Diabetic Federation Diabetes affects 194 million people worldwide. The incidence and prevalence of the diabetes is increasing at some pace, it is estimated that in 2025 the number of diabetics will climb ladder of diabetes to reach 334 million. These figures give the idea about the incidence of disease, and among 194 million diabetics 80% are type II diabetics. Even in USA every one of the three born Americans is diabetic.

Role of Obesity in Type II Diabetes

Obesity is major factor and even a primary cause of Type II diabetes. Abdominal obesity is infact more likely to cause the diabetes and other cardiovascular events than subcutaneous obesity. An estimate indicates that half of the type II diabetes cases result from obesity.

Cause of Diabetes in Obesity

There is a very well established fact which indicates the obesity as a cause of type II diabetes. The fact is that the obesity causes and increases the resistance of tissues to the action of glucose resulting in increased blood level of glucose. The increased level of blood glucose is known as diabetes. The impaired intake of glucose by cells interferes with their energy needs and effects their functioning.

Factors responsible for Diabetes in Obesity

The following factors released by adipose tissue are responsible for the Type II diabetes in obesity.

Leptin

It is anti-obesity factor which decreases chances of obesity both in humans and animals. It also decreases the insulin resistance, so increase in adipose tissue decreases leptin which indirectly increases the insulin resistance of tissues and causes diabetes.

TNF

It directly increases the tissue resistance to the insulin, leading to increased blood glucose levels and so diabetes.

Free Fatty Acids

The mechanism by which Free Fatty Acids interfere with glucose uptake by tissues is quiet unclear but their role in increasing insulin resistance is well confirmed.

Resistin

As the name indicates this factor increases the tissue insulin resistance directly and causes elevated blood glucose levels leading to diabetes.